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18th century
The map of ancient Geneva by Cassini, with the measurements taken by Calon de Felcourt between 1759 and 1761, shows the town of Pouilly, the hamlets of Pregnin and Flies, and also the windmill at St Genis can be identified. The road from Lyon to Geneva and the fork towards Gex are also clearly visible. These roads, easily identifiable by the route they trace through the Pays de Gex, still exist today.
An international population
In addition to CERN, the proximity of Switzerland and the international organisations headquartered in Geneva explains why a significant proportion of the population of the commune are foreigners. According to the census taken by INSEE in 1999, the commune contained amongst its 6,383 inhabitants 1,697 foreigners [37] (making 26.6%). By way of comparison, the département of Ain contains, at the time of the recent census, amongst its 515,478 inhabitants 40,903 foreigners[38] (making 7.9%).
Climate
The meteorological station situated at Geneva International Airport, Cointrin, furnishes measurements of the weather relevant to Saint-Genis-Pouilly. This station is situated only 6.5 km from the centre of the commune and at a similar altitude (420m).[4] Data from this station is available in real time from MétéoSuisse. Saint-Genis-Pouilly, like the whole of the Pays de Gex and the Canton of Geneva, knows the touch of the Joran, the cold wind which descends towards Lac Léman from the high Jura, where it sometimes provokes a storm.
Coat of Arms
Until recently, the commune used an azure coat of arms with three gold towers. Today, the commune uses exclusively a modern logo which figures prominently on the pages of its Web site and in its publications.
Demography
The population of Saint-Genis-Pouilly has grown rapidly since the middle of the 1960s, largely due to the activities of CERN: Note: On its web site the municipality of Saint-Genis-Pouilly indicates the number of inhabitants as 8,683 and the Ministry of the Economy, Finance and Industry [35] gives the number as 7,380 in 2005, but it does not seem possible to retrieve these figures from the official journal published by INSEE. One of the consequences of this rapid expansion of the population (along with those of the neighbouring communes in France and Switzerland) is the rapid increase in house prices. For example, the price per square metre of an apartment in the Pays de Gex increased by 59% between 2000 and 2004, according to INSEE.[36]
Description
Coordinates: 46°14′37″N 6°01′30″E / 46.2437°N 6.0250°E / 46.2437; 6.0250 Commune of Saint-Genis-Pouilly Saint-Genis-Pouilly is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France. It is located in the Pays de Gex, at the foot of the Jura. Bordering the Swiss frontier, it is part of the cross-border area of Geneva. Because of its population, it is one of the ten most important towns in the department of Ain.[1] Its habitants are known as Saint-genésiens. A large portion of CERN, the European laboratory for particle physics, is located in the territory of Saint-Genis-Pouilly. CERN is one of the top locations in the world for fundamental research and it is the presence of CERN that has been responsible for the development of the community since the middle of the 1960s.
Economic Life
Since the creation of the Technoparc, Saint-Genis-Pouilly has become the centre of economic activity in the Pays de Gex.
Elections
The commune is presently administered by M. H. Bertrand and his team. The results of the second round of the municipal elections on 18 March 2001 was as follows: In total, from the 3,023 registered electors, there were 1,807 votes cast and 1,765 votes counted.[42]
Free trade zone
Saint-Genis-Pouilly benefits, as do all the other communes in the Pays de Gex, from the specific laws implementing the free trade zone. Under this arrangement, merchandise imported or exported to and from the European Union is not subject to customs duty. If this law has known important changes in the past,[45] it seems to have stabilised today.
Geography
Saint-Genis-Pouilly is composed of two market towns (Saint-Genis and Pouilly) and two hamlets (Pregnin and Flies). The two market towns have both continued to expand and now practically merge together into one, however the two hamlets still remain separate from each other and from the two towns. The altitude of the commune varies from 419 m (at the extreme south of the commune, to the confluence of the rivers Allandon and Nant de l'Ecra) at 502 m (at the extreme north of the commune, in the village of Flies). The commune is situated at the limit between the plain and the first rising of the Jura. As indicated on the map opposite, the communes surrounding Saint-Genis-Pouilly are: Thoiry, Sergy, Crozet, Chevry, Prévessin-Moëns and Dardagny (Swiss).
Heritage
The church of Saint Pierre at Pouilly (porch and choir from the 13th century) is without doubt the most well know element of religious architecture in the commune. The church is Roman, except for the choir which is Gothic. Some ruins from the small fortified château (from 13th century) are still visible in Flies. Gallo-roman sepulchres and others from the 6th-8th centuries can still be found in the cemetery surrounding the church at Pouilly.
History
It was in 1887 that the actual name, Saint-Genis-Pouilly, first appeared on the State civil registers. Previously, Saint-Genis-Pouilly was called Pouilly-Saint-Genis. Before that, the two towns were separately identified. The spelling Saint-Genix had been quite frequently used. Pouilly was a little Roman city which probably took its name from the Latin Appolliacum. In his historical Atlas, G. Debombourg placed Pulliacum in the epoque of the second reign of the Bourgogne (879-1032) and he placed the church of Pouilly-St-Genis on the religious maps.[12] In these "Preuves" he cites a text of 993 which mentions Pulliacum.[13] A diary of 1698 mentions a certain Balthazard as a noble of Prengin, in the Pays de Gex (perhaps this is the name given during this epoque to the current hamlet of Pregnin). Between 1601 and 1789 mention is made of the Baronnie of Saint-Genist. [14] Names of the area with a Gallo-Romanic origin, Polliacum, Pulliacum, derived, with the suffix -acum from the root name Paulius or Pollius[15]. It is probable that under the Roman occupation the church in the village was to be dedicated to Apollon. Towards the end of this time, Saint Genis took on a greater importance. Its takeover of the Postes Royales (next to the current chapel) commenced the growth of the town and Pouilly-Saint-Genix became Saint-Genis-Pouilly. Pregnin figures in the Procès-verbaux du Directoire[16]. The name of Saint-Genis, as in the case of Saint-Genis-Laval, probably comes from Saint-Genest, a Roman comedian from the second half of the IIIe century, martryed under Dioclétien.[17]
Housing
Most housing in Saint-Genis-Pouilly is in apartment blocks (67.8%) and individual houses (31.3%).[39] The apartment blocks are concentrated in the town of Saint-Genis. The commune has a significantly larger proportion of individual residences to apartment blocks than the other communes in the district: More than two-thirds (67.8%) of Saint-genésiens live in apartment blocks, less than one Gessien in two (46.5%) live in apartments.[40] The majority of the population in the Pays de Gex, Ain, the Rhône-Alpes region, and mainland France are owner-occupiers of their homes. In Saint-Genis-Pouilly, by contrast, the majority of the population live in rented accommodation (only 43.6% of individual residences are owner-occupied). Within the Pays de Gex, only Ferney-Voltaire has a lower proportion of owner occupiers (33.5%).[41] It is possible that this peculiarity is explained by the large number of employees living in the two communities who work for international organisations. (The last 3 paras need review).
Hydrology
Many water courses traverse or border Saint-Genis-Pouilly: Lion, Allondon, Nant de l'Ecra, Bief de la Janvoin, Ouaf, Grand Journans and Petit Journans. In 2005 and 2006, these water courses were subject to a ban on water extraction as a result of the drought. In 2004, only the Allandon and the Lion would have been restricted.[2] The depth of the Allandon is measured at Saint-Genis-Pouilly by a network HYDRO station which transmits these readings by telephone. [3]
Local taxation
For several years the rate of the Taxe d'habititation (local council tax) has been fixed at 7.78%. As indicated on the chart opposite this rate was, in 2006, approximately equal to the average for the Pays de Gex: 7.69%.[43]
Middle Ages
A priory was established at Pouilly at the end of the 10th century.[20] In 1301, Uldric, the Seigneur of Saint-Genis renewed his allegiance to the Dauphin.[21]
Municipal budget
The commune expended in 2005 a total revenue spend of € 6.64 million and a total capital investment of € 4.06 million, however these figures have increased to € 7.96 million (revenue) and € 3.69 million (capital). It has therefore reached an overall positive result of € 0.96 million this year. At 31 December 2005, Saint-Genis-Pouilly was indebted to the amount of only € 2.12 million, being € 288 per inhabitant (the communes of between 5,000 and 10,000 inhabitants — (la strate) — had an average debt of € 935 per inhabitant). Whereas the receipts from the “taxe professionnelle†have been weak: € 0.53 million (equivalent to € 72 per inhabitant against the average of the (strate) of € 211 per inhabitant). Note: The numbers given above are extracted from the collective accounts for 2005 published by the Ministry of the Economy, Finance and Industry[35].
Municipal elections
A more complete list of the mayors of the commune is available elsewhere.[44]
National referenda
For the referendum on the Treaty establishing a constitution for Europe, on the 29 May 2005, 1,865 of the 3,089 electors who voted and the 1,838 (suffrages) expressed on this occasion which were reported in the following manner: 1,087 Yes (59.14%) and 751 No (40.86%). For the referendum on the Treaty of Maastricht, on the 20 September 1992, 1,814 of the2,576 electors who voted and the 1,774 (suffrages) expressed on this occasion which were reported in the following manner: 1,186 Yes (66.85%) and 588 No (33.15%). The inhabitants of Saint-Genis-Pouilly are therefor more europhile than the rest of the French population who rejected the Treaty establishing a constitution for Europe, and approved by only a slim majority (51.04%) the Treaty of Maastricht. Note: Unless indicated otherwise, the results presented above are taken from the Ministry of the Interior.
Natural risks
According to a study [5] made in 2002, commissioned by the Department of Agriculture and the Forests of Ain, Saint-Genis-Pouilly is classed in a zone at risk from flooding. According to another official publication,[6] the commune is classed in a zone at risk from torrential downpours and rapid flooding. However, according to the list of major risks [7] to Saint-Genis-Pouilly published on the portal of the website of the Ministry of Ecology, “Prevention of major risksâ€, the commune is classed in a zone at risk from overcrowding from man’s activities. These three different qualifications of risk cannot be explained. Along with the other communes in the canton of Gex, Saint-Genis-Pouilly is classed in seismic zone Ib, which is to say that the seismic risk is low.[8] A new classification is being prepared by the Ministry of Ecology,[9] but it does not seem that this will significantly change the classification of the communes in the Pays de Gex.
Nature zones
That part of the Allandon valley which is found within the territory of the commune constitutes a natural zone with interesting ecology, fauna and flora (ZNIEFF type I).[10] The commune is lightly wooded (the area occupied by trees is between 10 and 20%[11]).
Notable events
A few (albeit rather rare) events in the history of the commune :
Notes and references
Based in part on the article in the French Wikipedia.
Official Websites
* Ville de Saint-Genis-Pouilly * Communauté de Communes du Pays de Gex * Technoparc - Pays de Gex * INSEE census information
Roman period
The Roman colony Colonia Iulia Equestris founded by Julius Caesar between 50 et 45 BC extended as far as Thoiry and included the territory which was to become Saint-Genis-Pouilly. The villa of Pouilly had been occupied by a rich family, as evidenced by the jewelry found there.[18] The place called les châtelets, situated to the north of Pregnin took its name, without doubt, from the presence in the 2nd century of a small fort situated on the Roman road running along the Jura.[19]
Science
CERN brings to the community an opening on to the world of physics which is perhaps unique in the world. Conferences are very frequently organised and some of these are open to the public. It is possible to visit the exhibition centre at CERN and also, with a prior appointment, to make a half day visit to CERN itself.
Sculpture and related subjects
Pregn'Art is an annual weekend event in the course of which several local artists exhibit their work in the gardens of the inhabitants of the hamlet of Pregnin. It is one of the events dedicated to sculpture and related subjects.
Theatre
The construction of the Théâtre du Bordeau has finished and the theatre is now open. This modern theatre offers a 250 seat auditorium for use by amateur dramatic groups, dance, music and other dramatic arts.
Today
It was the extension within France of CERN (European organisation for nuclear research), in the middle of the sixties, which made Saint-Genis-Pouilly the little town “coquetteâ€[27] that it is today. It is also thanks to the presence of CERN that the local economy has considerably increased and diversified.
Town twinning
Since 2006 Saint-Genis-Pouilly has been twinned with Mogliano Veneto (Italy).
Traditions and folklore
The principal fete of the commune is the Bird Festival “La fête de l'oiseauâ€, which took place this year (2008) from 30 May until 2 June.
Unemployment
According to the annual employment survey carried out by INSEE[46] in 2004, the unemployment rate in the commune is 7.9% (compared to 7.4% in 1999).